Any difficulty or combination of difficulties with perception, motor production, or phonological representation of speech sounds and speech segments including phonotactic rules defining acceptable speech sound sequences in a language are referred to as speech sound disorders. Disorders of speech sound can be either biological or functional. Organic speech sound problems are caused by underlying structural, sensory-perceptual, or motor-neurological causes. Idiopathic functional speech sound problems have no known cause. the graph below. Organic speech sound disorders include those brought on by sensory/perceptual disorders (e.g., hearing loss), structural abnormalities (e.g., cleft lip/palate and other structural deficits or anomalies), and motor/neurological disorders (e.g., childhood apraxia of speech and dysarthria).
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